- Religion:
- Vaiṣṇavism
- Darśana:
- Vedānta
- School:
- Dvaitādvaita
Dualism and Non-Dualism - Teaching:
- Bhedābheda
Difference and Non-Difference with Brahman - Founder:
- Nimbārka Āchārya
- Times:
- Unknown,3096 BCE or 7th c. or 11th c.
- Works:
- Commentaries on Brahma Sūtras, Bhāgavad Gītā & Upaniṣads
- Theology:
- devotional worship of the divine couple Śrī Rādhā Kṛṣṇa as One Supreme God
- About Nimbarka:
- 1. The life of Nimbarka Ācārya
2. Dvaitādvaita philosophy of Nimbārka
Four Sanatana Kumaras
"Śrī Nimbārka Ācārya is considered the founder of one of the main Vaiṣṇavite traditions in Hinduism - Kumāra Sampradāya and is believed to have lived around the 11th and 12th centuries. Born in the modern Murgarapattam in the southern Dravidian province, he was the son of Aruṇī and Jayantī, a very pious brāhmaṇa couple of the Tailanga order.
He was a great ascetic of the Tridaṇḍi order. He wrote many books according to the Dvaitādvaita vāda and he lived most of his devotional life at a place called Nimbagrama near Govardhana at Vrindāvana.
While at Nimbagrama, he defeated a great Jain pandit in a discussion:
The Jain had refused to dine with him saying that the Sun had already set and so he would not take any food. At this, Nimbarka by his own potency made the sun appear from a Nimba tree and the astonished Jain accepted his hospitality. It is said that his name Nimbārka or Nimbāditya has been derived from this miracle of Āditya or Ārka meaning sun from a nimba tree.
Once in a village near the forest of Bilva Paksha, a group of brāhmaṇas came to engage in the worship of Lord Śiva. Just as Lord Viṣṇu is very much pleased when He is offered the leaves of His most beloved Tulasī, so Lord Śiva is pleased by offerings of leaves from the Bilva or bael tree. Thus the brāhmaṇas worshipped Lord Śiva by offering Bilva leaves, for a period of one fortnight and satisfied Lord Śiva greatly.
Amongst those brāhmaṇas was one whose name was Nimbārka. He had been particularly attentive in his worship of Lord Śiva. Being especially pleased with Nimbārka’s devotion, Lord Śiva personally appeared to him.
"Nimbarka," said Lord Śiva, "at the edge of this village is a sacred bael forest. There, in that forest, the four Kumāras are absorbed in meditation. By their mercy you will receive transcendental knowledge, for they are your spiritual masters, and by rendering service unto them you will receive all that is of value." After saying this Lord Śiva disappeared.
Nimbarka immediately went to that place and with great determination he searched for the four Kumāras in every direction, until he finally found them, shining as brilliantly as the sun.
They were seated on a very beautiful natural platform beneath a tree and they appeared like fire blazing on an altar. They were all very young, seeming to be no more than five years in age, but they appeared most noble in character as they sat there naked, rapt in meditation.
Nimbarka was so excited that he cried out, "Hare Kṛṣṇa!"
This sudden sound startled the four brothers, breaking their meditation. Opening their eyes, they saw before them the blissful form of an ideal devotee, and with great pleasure they embraced Nimbarka, one after another.
"Who are you," they asked, "and why have you come here? We are certainly ready to answer all your prayers."
Nimbarka fell at the feet of the four brothers like a rod, and with great humility he introduced himself.
With a sweet smile on his face Sanat Kumāra then said:
"The all-merciful Supreme Personality of Godhead, knowing that Kali-yuga will be extremely troublesome for the living entities, resolved to propagate devotional service to Himself.
With this goal in mind, He has empowered four personalities with devotion and sent them into this world to preach. Rāmānuja, Madhva, and Visnuswami are three and you are the fourth of these great souls:
Lakṣmī accepted Rāmānuja as a disciple, Brahma accepted Madhva, Rudra accepted Visnuswami and meeting you today we have the good fortune of being able to instruct you. This is our intention.
Previously we were engaged in meditating on the impersonal Brahman, but by the causeless mercy of Lord Viṣṇu, we have been relieved of this sinful activity.
Since I have realised that it is essential to preach pure devotional service, I have composed a literary work entitled Sanat-Kumāra Samhitā. After taking initiation from me, you should follow the instructions I have set forth therein."
Nimbarka was greatly enlivened at the prospect of taking initiation and he immediately ran to take bath in the Ganges. After this he quickly returned and prostrated himself once more before the effulgent brothers.
"O deliverers of the fallen," said Nimbarka, in all humility, "please deliver this low-born rascal."
The four Kumāras gave him the Rādhā-Kṛṣṇa mantra and instructed him in the method of worshipping Rādhā and Kṛṣṇa with the sentiments of great love called Bhava Mārga.
In that sacred bael forest Nimbarka began to worship Śrī Śrī Rādhā Kṛṣṇa according to the Sanat Kumāra Samhitā and he chanted the mantra they had given him.
Very soon Rādhā and Kṛṣṇa revealed Themselves to Nimbarka. They stood before him, spreading an effulgence which illuminated all directions. In sweet voices They addressed him thus:
"Nimbarka, you are very fortunate, for you have performed Sadhana in Śrī Navadwipa. We both combine, and assume one form, as the son of Sacidevi." At that moment Rādhā and Kṛṣṇa combined and displayed Their form of Gaurānga.
Beholding this splendid vision, Nimbarka began to tremble. "Never," he said, "Never have I ever of such a form at any time."
Lord Gaurānga then said:
"Keep this form, which I now show you, a secret for the time being. Just preach about devotional service and the pastimes of Rādhā and Kṛṣṇa, for I gain great satisfaction from this.
When I make My appearance and perform My education pastimes, you will also appear. Taking birth in Kashmir as a great pandit, you will tour all over India defeating all opposition. Your reputation and learning will be celebrated everywhere and you will be known as Keśava Kashmiri.
Whilst wandering in Sri Navadwipa you will come to Śrī Mayapur. Simply by hearing your name all the great pandits of Navadwipa will flee.
Intoxicated with scholastic pride, I will take great pleasure in defeating you. However, by the mercy of Mother Saraswatī, the goddess of learning, you will realize My true identity.
Giving up your false pride, you will take shelter of Me and I will reward you with the supreme gift of loving devotional service and will again dispatch you to preach. Thus you can satisfy Me by preaching the philosophy of dvaita-advaita.
Keep My identity a secret. In the future when I begin My sankirtan movement, I will personally preach, taking the essence of your philosophy and the philosophies of Madhva, Rāmānuja and Visnuswami."
After instructing Nimbarka in this way, Lord Gauranga disappeared, and filled with intense ecstasy, Nimbarka began to shed tears of love. After worshipping the lotus feet of his gurus and taking their permission, he left Sri Navadwipa to begin his preaching mission."